Einstein's theory of Brownian motion, which describes the random movement of particles in fluids, is widely used to model randomness throughout science. However, this revolutionary model only works when a fluid is static, or at equilibrium.

Now researchers from the University of Tsukuba, Queen Mary University of London, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne and Imperial College London, have presented a novel theory to explain observed particle movements in these dynamic environments.

Schematic of the microscopic interactions between active particles (green) and a passive tracer (blue)

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