Text readability encompasses two aspects, namely, ease of comprehension and ease of processing (in relation to the effort required for reading comprehension). Researchers at University of Tsukuba analyzed eye-tracking data from Japanese second-language English learners and revealed that text processing ease can be efficiently predicted using only basic factors such as word and sentence length.

Tsukuba, Japan—Objectively evaluating text readability is crucial for ensuring the suitability of selected materials according to learners' levels. Many researchers propose various indicators, particularly for English texts. However, the majority of these indicators measure ease of comprehension, and only a few measure the time and effort required for reading, a concept also known as ease of processing. In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate factors for predicting ease of processing among English learners by analyzing eye movement data during text reading as an indicator of processing effort.

Data were derived from an open eye-tracking database composed of 41 Japanese-speaking university and graduate students reading passages equivalent to Eiken Grades Pre-2, 2, and Pre-1. The researchers constructed statistical models that predict total reading time, number of skips, and number of regressions (backward eye movement) per passage using various linguistic indicators, including lexical sophistication, syntactic complexity, and text cohesion. The results demonstrated that processing effort during reading could be effectively predicted using only basic, easily calculable factors such as word and sentence length.

These findings indicated that text readability (i.e., ease of processing) among English learners can be estimated without using complex linguistic feature indices. This study provides valuable insights for the selection of reading materials and the development of reading tests for English learners.

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This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23K25335.

Original Paper

Title of original paper:

Revisiting text readability and processing effort in second language reading: Bayesian analysis of eye-tracking data

Journal:

Language Learning

DOI:

10.1111/lang.70011

Correspondence

Assistant Professor NAHATAME Shingo
Associate Professor YAMAGUCHI Kazuhiro
Institute of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba

Related Link

Institute of Human Sciences